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Before the installation can even start, Big Sur updates now require a minimum of 15 minutes ‘preparation’, just as those for iOS/iPadOS do.
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The time required to install these much larger updates has also increased substantially.
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For comparison, a minimal update to Catalina required less than 1.2 GB, and for Mojave less than 1 GB, much of which were the seemingly obligatory set of firmware for every supported Mac. The Big Sur 11.2.2 update is a good example of what’s almost a null change, yet requires 2.6 GB of installer files to be downloaded for an Intel Mac, and 3.1 GB for an M1 model.
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Full support for both Intel and ARM-native code, with the exception of Rosetta 2, which only resides on the Data volume of Apple Silicon models and is managed separately.These fall within the SSV, and appear to have to be freshly provided in every macOS update. The dyld cache, nine files occupying about 4 GB when compressed in /System/Library/dyld, which contains a dynamic linker cache of all the system-provided libraries.This contributes around 600 MB to every update, perhaps more now to cater for T2 and M1 models too. Firmware updates are only provided as part of a macOS update, and Apple deems it necessary for every macOS update to include a complete set of current firmware for Intel models.Several factors now conspire to turn a few kilobytes of changes into several gigabytes of update: In macOS past, those two patches could have been small, whether installed by the system or using a downloadable Installer package. So came 11.2.2, just over two weeks after 11.2.1, which was a mere eight days after 11.2.
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Then Apple must have received reports of a severe hardware/firmware problem which was actually damaging recent Mac models, and a firmware update for the affected Macs was even more pressing. Even in non-pandemic times, rolling that fix into 11.2 would have been disruptive, hence the need for 11.2.1, which works so much better in the new version numbering. The recent sudo bug is a good example in which no one is at fault, although everyone might be to blame for not spotting this in a decade.

In addition, there are often compelling reasons for urgent patches. Like other good engineering ideas, though, it also needs thinking through thoroughly.Įven in a perfect macOS development cycle, there are normally at least five substantial updates. Although the read-only version in Catalina may look impregnable, guaranteeing integrity using a Merkle Tree of hashes, then locking the whole lot in a snapshot, looks even more robust.
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I understand I need to disable system integrity - booted into recovery and ran "csrutil disable" in terminal. On a MacBook Air M2, trying to change some system icons (safari, calculator, messages, etc.). They all either don't resolve the issue, or don't really explain what the solution was. I've tried searching, and read multiple threads.
